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Objectives: To develop and assess the measurement properties of self-report measures of accumulation of sitting time. Methods: Seven candidate measures were collected in 51 workers from three office environments (79% women) via on...
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Objectives: To develop and assess the measurement properties of self-report measures of accumulation of sitting time. Methods: Seven candidate measures were collected in 51 workers from three office environments (79% women) via online questionnaire administered immediately before and after 7-day monitoring periods (activPAL3 24-hour protocol with diary recorded work hours). Results: Three measures had some validity (P < 0.05 vs activPAL): % of sitting in long bouts more than or equal to 30 minutes, sitting strategy frequency (0 to 100), and interruption rate (n/h sitting). Agreement was limited. Some reliability (intraclass correlation or kappa P < 0.05) was seen for these measures, strategy variety (0 to 100), typical day (five categories), and making a conscious effort to sit less (yes/no). Conclusions: Two brief and one longer option may suit workplace studies requiring self-report measures of sitting accumulation. Validity was weaker for sitting accumulation than sitting time.
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<abstract_text><p>Introduction</p><p>There is limited investigation of how military personnel evaluate their deployment experiences. An understanding of their perceptions would help unit psychologists to advise commanders on ways ...
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<abstract_text><p>Introduction</p><p>There is limited investigation of how military personnel evaluate their deployment experiences. An understanding of their perceptions would help unit psychologists to advise commanders on ways to improve the deployment experience (and therefore mental well-being) of personnel. This study examined the interplay between deployment overall ratings, personnel characteristics and positive and negative deployment experiences in aid of such understanding.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>The participants were 1,226 Australian Defence Force personnel who are deployed to East Timor and (through a survey) provided an overall rating of their deployment and comments on major positive and negative deployment experiences. Descriptive statistics detail ratings by personnel characteristics, and a hybrid content/thematic analysis details the positive and negative experiences. The study was approved by an Institutional Review Board.</p><p>Results</p><p>Over 80% of the participants rated their overall East Timor deployment experience as positive, with 13% rating it as neutral and 7% as negative. Intrinsic rewards (eg, ability to use skills) were the most commonly expressed major positive experiences of the deployment, with deployment administration and military leadership the most common negatives. Most intrinsic rewards were reported more often in participants with a positive deployment rating, while poor leadership was most frequent in those with a negative rating.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Military leadership is corroborated as a negative experience of military deployment, while a new finding indicates that intrinsic rewards are a common feature in positive evaluations of deployment. Leadership is a factor that Defence Forces can address to improve the deployment experience. The study strength is the range and size of the sample, with a limitation the potential for recall bias (the data were collected, on average, 5 years postdeployment). Future research should replicate this type of analysis to build a picture of the experiences and evaluations of personnel from a range of different deployments.</p></abstract_text>
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Increasingly, people turn to online sources for health information, creating human-non-human relationalities. Health websites are considered accessible in scope and convenience but can have limited capacity to accommodate complexi...
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Increasingly, people turn to online sources for health information, creating human-non-human relationalities. Health websites are considered accessible in scope and convenience but can have limited capacity to accommodate complexities. There are concerns about who gets to 'assemble' with these resources, and who is excluded. Guided by Ahmed's socio-political theories of emotions, we questioned our feelings as we intra-acted with a consumer information website about back pain (MyBackPain). This encouraged us to approach resource evaluation in a way that alters conventional rational/cognitive judgement processes. Our inquiry was 'supra-disciplinary' involving public health, sociology, allied health and consumer collaborators. Specifically, we considered relationality - the feelings circulating between bodies/objects and implicated in MyBackPain's affective practices; impressions - the marks, images or beliefs MyBackPain makes on bodies/objects; and directionality - how these intra-actions pushed in some directions and away from others. Although Ahmed would likely not consider herself 'post-humanist', we argue that her socio-political theories of how objects and emotions entangle are of great interest to furthering critical post-human understandings of health. Rather than threatening decision-making, we suggest that feelings (and their affects) are central to it. The article demonstrates the productive potential of critical post-human inquiry in identifying/countering 'othering' possibilities, and catalysing a 'nomadic shift' towards new human-non-human formations.
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<abstract_text><p>This aim of this study was to identify assessment practices for non-progressive dysarthria used by Australian speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and to describe these practices within the framework of the World ...
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<abstract_text><p>This aim of this study was to identify assessment practices for non-progressive dysarthria used by Australian speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and to describe these practices within the framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning Disability, and Health (ICF). A 23-item online survey was distributed to Australian SLPs, with 56 responses suitable for data analysis. The majority of SLPs prescribed 'high importance' to the assessment of impairment to speech function (96%, n = 54), activity limitations (91%, n = 51) and participation in society (91%, n = 51) in non-progressive dysarthria. However, reported assessment selection for non-progressive dysarthria focused largely on impairment and intelligibility, with assessments addressing participation restrictions being under-utilised. There was also a preference for informal assessment tools across all ICF domains. Over half (69%, n = 37) indicated that current assessment tools for non-progressive dysarthria generally do not meet their needs, with key issues being time-factors and inadequate sensitivity. There was variability in the use of outcome measures for non-progressive dysarthria, with workplace setting, time constraints and a perceived lack of relevance being the most commonly reported barriers to implementation.</p></abstract_text>
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Objectives: Compare muscle activity between male football players with and without hip-related pain. Morphological and intra-articular features of hip-related pain are proposed pre-cursors to hip osteoarthritis. Altered muscle act...
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Objectives: Compare muscle activity between male football players with and without hip-related pain. Morphological and intra-articular features of hip-related pain are proposed pre-cursors to hip osteoarthritis. Altered muscle activity is a feature of severe hip osteoarthritis, but it is not known whether differences exist earlier in the pathological spectrum. Design: Cross-sectional; Setting: University laboratory; Participants: Forty-two male football players with hip-related pain; and 19 asymptomatic controls. Main outcome measures: Hip muscle activity (Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, tensor facia latae, adductor longus and rectus femoris) was recorded during walking using surface electromyography (EMG). Results: Men with hip-related pain had sustained rectus femoris activity prior to toe-off (47-51% of the gait cycle) (p = 0.01, ES = 0.51) unlike controls who had reduced activity. In men with severe hip-related pain, gluteus maximus EMG was sustained into mid-stance (12-20% of the gait cycle) (F = 6.15, p < 0.01) compared to controls. Conclusions: Differences in rectus femoris and gluteus maximus activity were identified between male footballers with and without hip-related pain. The pattern of gluteus maximus EMG relative to peak, approaching mid-stance in severe hip-related pain, is consistent with observations in severe hip osteoarthritis. This supports the hypothesis that symptom severity may influence muscle activity across the spectrum of hip degeneration. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Despite recommendations to incorporate physical and psychosocial factors when providing care for people with back pain, research suggests that physiotherapists continue to focus on biological aspects. This study investigated how i...
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Despite recommendations to incorporate physical and psychosocial factors when providing care for people with back pain, research suggests that physiotherapists continue to focus on biological aspects. This study investigated how interpersonal and institutional norms influence this continued enactment of the biological aspects of management. We used theoretically-driven analysis, drawing from Foucauldian notions of power, to analyse 28 ethnographic observations of consultations and seven group discussions with physiotherapists. Analysis suggested that physiotherapy training established expectations of what a physiotherapist 'should' focus on, and institutional circumstances strongly drew the attention of physiotherapists towards biological aspects. Resistance to these forces was possible when, for example, physiotherapists reflected upon their practice, used silences and pauses during consultations, and actively collaborated with patients. These circumstances facilitated use of non-biomedical management approaches. Findings may assist physiotherapists to rework the enduring normative focus on biomedical aspects of care when providing care for patients with back pain.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence-base for the effectiveness of culturally unadapted, culturally adapted and culture-based interventions for Indigenous adults with mental or substance use disorders.
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Introduction New graduate physiotherapists are entering private practice in increasing numbers despite limited opportunity to experience this setting during training. Exploring the perceived benefits and challenges of physiotherap...
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Introduction New graduate physiotherapists are entering private practice in increasing numbers despite limited opportunity to experience this setting during training. Exploring the perceived benefits and challenges of physiotherapy private practices in hosting students is important to help understand what motivates private practices to engage in clinical education and inform how practices can be best supported in student placement provision. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the benefits and challenges of hosting physiotherapy students from the perspective of private practice providers. Methods A qualitative study with an inductive thematic analytical approach was used. Semi-structured interviews of 10 physiotherapy private practice placement providers responsible for student placement provision were undertaken. Results Five themes emerged: 1) value to client care; 2) value to staff; 3) value to future planning; 4) contribution to students and the profession; and 5) stress associated with resources. Discussion and Conclusion Private practice placement providers perceive a range of benefits to their practice, staff and clients, including rich opportunities for future recruitment when hosting physiotherapy students. These benefits are carefully weighed up against the required resources of time, physical space and opportunities for students to participate in client care. This study has identified implications for education providers in supporting physiotherapy student placements within private practice and may enhance placement capacity within this sector.
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Purpose: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. We examined changes in labor force participation amongst women with endometriosis following diagnosis. Met...
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Purpose: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. We examined changes in labor force participation amongst women with endometriosis following diagnosis. Methods: We analyzed data from 4494 women born in 1973-78 from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. We used multinomial logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to examine changes in labor force participation amongst 468 women with surgically confirmed endometriosis, and 375 women with clinically suspected endometriosis, relative to a comparison group of 4151 women without endometriosis. Results: At diagnosis, women with surgically confirmed endometriosis were somewhat more likely to be working part-time (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.94-1.68) or unemployed (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.96-2.23) than before diagnosis. After diagnosis, women with surgically confirmed endometriosis remained somewhat more likely to be working part-time (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.88-1.80) but were significantly more likely to be unemployed (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.16-2.96) than before diagnosis. Labor force participation for women with clinically suspected endometriosis did not differ from women without endometriosis at diagnosis and did not change over time. Conclusions: Women with surgically confirmed endometriosis transitioned out the labor force following diagnosis. Supportive workplace practices may help women remain in the labor force.(c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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